Appears to be all images. Just for testing, I downloaded and tried Krita to open 1.png from KaOS' webstie, but same results. I also tried this on another, slightly old laptop and again canvas area is blank/dark. I tried changing the Krita's default dark theme to KDE default or midna but no luck there either. Krita is working for you, so that's makes it more intriguing.
Krita puts out a lot of messages on console, but here are some that looked interesting to me:
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Loading "Calligra/Device" with checking the config
Loaded plugin "/usr/lib/calligra/calligra_device_spacenavigator.so"
connect failed: No such file or directory
profiles ("/usr/share/krita/input/kritadefault.profile")
StencilBoxDocker(0x27f4fa0, name = "StencilBox") is not a canvas observer
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OpenGL version 3.2 or higher is present.
OpenGL version 3.3 or higher is present.
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I'd think Krita to be one of the more popular application of the Calligra bunch, so people should report back if they experience issues similar to what I have. Meanwhile I am falling back to using gimp.