10 Gb is not needed at all, all standards call for a 512 Mb ESP (EFI boot partition), that USED to be Windows standard/default too. Expanding an Windows ESP will almost always cause the Windows boot files to be corrupted, so not an option (another way they made sure it will be as hard as possible to dual boot). Only other option is to create an extra ESP (/boot partiton), but start with deleting the KaOS fallback image, that should create enough room to run updates safely, drawback is, you will have to remove that image after most updates (any kernel, systemd, filesystem, etc update will trigger a kernel image regeneration).
sudo rm /boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img